Proefschrift Kerklaan

PEPaNIC trial

Highest plasma level of C-reactive protein during first 7 79±4 90±4 0.007 days in pediatric ICU, as measure of inflammation – mg/liter Duration of hospital stay - days Index hospital 21.3±1.3 17.2±1.0 0.005 1.19 (1.07-1.33) 0.001 Index and transfer hospital 22.6±1.3 18.6±1.0 0.01 1.21 (1.08-1.34) < 0.001

Kidney Failure with renal-replacement therapy - no. (%) 26 (3.6) 18 (2.5) 0.28 0.49 (0.24- 0.96)‡ 0.03 Liver dysfunction during first 7 days in pediatric ICU¶ Highest plasma level of total bilirubin - mg/dl 1.5±0.1 1.7±0.1 0.003

Highest plasma level of alkaline phosphatase- IU/liter 171±3 171±5 0.04 Highest plasma level of γ-glutamyltransferase - IU/liter 58±6 45±3 0.001 Highest plasma level of alanine aminotransferase - 72±8 113±20 0.64 IU/liter

Highest plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase - 179±26 262±48 0.76 IU/liter

7

* Plus–minus values are means ±SE. No censoring was applied for the unadjusted comparisons of outcomes regarding duration of care. Data for all adjusted outcomes for duration of care were censored at 90 days, and data for nonsurvivors were censored at 91 days.To convert the values for total bilirubin tomicromoles per liter, multiply by 17.1. † Odds ratios and hazard ratios were adjusted for the following risk factors: treatment center, age group, diagnosis group, PELOD score within the first 24 hours after admission, and STRONGkids category. ‡ These values are adjusted odds ratios. All other values in this column are hazard ratios.

§ The duration of stay in the pediatric ICU was defined as the time from admission until the patient was ready for discharge. A patient was considered to be ready for discharge as soon as all clinical conditions for discharge were fulfilled (i.e., the patient no longer required or was no longer at risk for requiring vital-organ support). ¶ Total bilirubin levels were available for 1256 patients, alkaline phosphatase levels for 1234 patients, γ-glutamyltransferase levels for 1222 patients, alanine aminotransferase levels for 1265 patients, aspartate aminotransferase levels for 1264 patients, and C-reactive protein levels for 1301 patients.

135